ࡱ> KMJa = jbjbdd 08ee=@@@@@@@2222,^$ 0 <,Ri @DDD@@D@@T4"@@@@D@@ 4&2Z:0  @ n nCANCER BRIEFING 2 THE BIG 5 There are around 200 different types of cancer. Some are rare. Five cancers make up the bulk. These are: 1 NON- MELANOMA SKIN CANCER NMSC.By far the commonest cancer. In the UK there are over 66,000 new cases each year. For a number of reasons-they are easily detected and easily treated, and because there are some problems with classification and registration- these are recorded separately. The true figure is said to be nearer 100,000. Below we therefore concentrate on the big four breast, lung, colorectal (bowel) and prostate. These make up more from 50% of all cancers. (See pie charts) Point to make: skin, lung and bowel are in direct contact with the external environment; breast and prostate are hormone related cancers. Breast, prostate, lung and colorectal account for more than half the incidence of all cancers. Breast 31% uterus 4% and ovary 5% account for 40% of all female cancers. INCIDENCE Stats for the BIG 4 SCOTLAND 2003 UK 2002 BREAST M 23 299 F 3823 41,724 TOTAL 3846 42,023 44,091 [Updated figure for 2003 (dec 06)] LUNG M 2403 22,504 F 1952 15,195 TOTAL 4595 37,699 COLORECTAL M 1.858 18,714 F 1.507 - 16,175 TOTAL 3,365 34,889 PROSTATE M 2,318 31,923 Increase/decrease in incidence 1993-2003 in the UK Breast Increased by 9.8%( from a very high base line) Lung: decreased by 26.9% for men and increased by 10.4% for women. Colorectal decreased by 0.1% for men and by 10.9% for women Prostate increased by 48% Large decreases (more than 25%) in cancer incidence rates occurred for cancers of the HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/stomach/"stomach and HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/cervix/"cervix for females, and HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/"lung cancer for males. The most rapidly increasing rates in men were for HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/prostate/"prostate cancer (48%) and HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/melanoma/"malignant melanoma (42%) - the former trend fuelled by the increasing use of PSA testing, since the early 1990s, that detects invasive cancers at an earlier stage as well as latent tumours that might otherwise have remained asymptomatic and undiagnosed during the mans lifetime (CRUK) For women the most rapidly increasing cancer incidence rates were for HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/melanoma/"malignant melanoma (27%) and cancer of the HYPERLINK "http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/uterus/"uterus 19%). Many other cancers showed smaller increases. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma increased by 8.1%. Although numbers are not as large it is fast growing and has a number of occupational associations. There have been bigger % increases in some other cancers eg malignant melanoma, but actual numbers are smaller than big 5. CAVE interpretation of % increases e.g. 1% increase from a base of 4000 (40) is greater than a 5%from a base of 400 (20). Doesnt tell the actual numbers of people suffering from the disease. It shows the rate of increase over a period of time. MORTALITY Stats FOR BIG 4 SCOTLAND 2005 UK 2004 BREAST M 11 70 F 1,144 12,347 TOTAL 1,155 12,417 LUNG M 2195 19,493 F 1814 13,551 TOTAL 4,019 33,044 COLORECTAL M 851 8,644 F 717 7,504 TOTAL 1,568 16,148 PROSTATE M 802 10.209 These four account for 47% of all cancer deaths- Lung (M+F combined) 22%; colorectal (M and F) 11%; breast (F very few M) 8%; prostate (M) 6% Note different years -according to ISD for Scotland 2005 and CRUK for UK2004 In a year ( figures for 2001) breast cancer affects almost a quarter of a million women in the UK: 41,000 new diagnoses, 15,000 deaths` and 172,000 living with a diagnosis made in the previous ten year period. Death rates for breast cancer have fallen by 31% between 1989 and 2004 Colorectal rates have fallen by 18% between 1995-2004 Prostate deaths have remained fairly steady even although incidence has increased rapidly. Lung death rates have fallen for men, but have increased for females, because of the rising incidence in females. ( . Worldwide Breast Cancer There are 1.1 million new cases diagnosed each year There are 4.4 million women diagnosed with breast cancer in the past five years and still living with the disease. There are 410,000 deaths from BC each year. Breast cancer incidence is increasing by up to 5% in low resource countries Fatalities are highest in lowest resource countries (Source Breast Health Global Initiative papers from 2002/3/4 based on WHO figures) See also chart of top 14 cancers worldwide in briefing 1 All stats are from Information and Statistics Department of the NHS, from Cancer Research UK and International Agency for Research on Cancer of the WHO. unless stated otherwise. The way the figures are presented here depends on how they are presented in the original sources. 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